Wallwurz Phytopharmaka Drogenliste Wallwurz (Symphytum officinale L., Boraginaceae) ist ein pflanzliches Arzneimittel, das äusserlich als Gel oder Salbe unter.
Boraginaceaeist in Europa heimisch. Bein bezeichnet ursprünglich Knochen. Die Namen widerspiegeln also die traditionelle Anwendung zur Heilung von Knochenbrüchen und Verletzungen. Wallwurz wurde auch comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Düngemittel, Nahrungsmittel und Futterpflanze eingesetzt.
Wallwurzsalben werden in der Regel aus der frisch geernteten Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Symphyti radix rec. Als Synonym ist auch die Bezeichnung Consolidae radix statt Symphyti radix gebräuchlich, da die Pflanze auch als Consolida maior benannt wurde.
Wallwurz enthält unter anderem AllantoinCholinGerbstoffeSchleimstoffeSaponineRosmarinsäurederivate und Pyrrolizidinalkaloide. Wallwurz werden reizlinderndeschmerzstillendeentzündungshemmendegranulationsförderndewundheilungsförderndeantioedematöse und gerbende Effekte zugeschrieben. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden eine Reihe klinischer Studien durchgeführt, welche diese Wirkungen wissenschaftlich teilweise untermauern vgl.
Gemäss mehrerer Studien sollen Wallwurzsalben ähnlich wirksam sein wie Diclofenac-Gele. Die Qualität der Untersuchungen haben wir nicht http://newohioreview.com/blog/beste-mittel-gegen-krampfadern.php. Wallwurzsalben comfrey von Thrombophlebitis heute vor allem bei Schmerzen und Entzündungszuständen in Folge von Sportverletzungen Prellungen, Zerrungen, Verstauchungen, Quetschungen, Hämatomenbei rheumatischen Beschwerden, ArthritisComfrey von ThrombophlebitisMuskel- und Gelenkbeschwerden, SehnenscheidenentzündungenRückenschmerzen, zur Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis von Knochenbrüchen und Verrenkungen, Venenbeschwerden und Thrombophlebitis eingesetzt.
Traditionell gibt es zahlreiche weitere Anwendungsgebiete, zum Beispiel die Wundheilungsförderung. Die Anwendung von Wallwurzsalben auf offenen Wunden ist gemäss Fachinformation aber kontraindiziert. Wallwurzsalben sollen nicht bei Überempfindlichkeit, auf offene Wunden, bei Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis keine Datenwährend der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit aufgetragen werden.
Zubereitungen comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Varizen und nach Komplikationen sollen aufgrund der toxischen Pyrrolizidinalkaloide nicht eingenommen werden, z.
Eine Ausnahme stellen stark verdünnte Homöopathika dar, in welchen diese Inhaltsstoffe nicht mehr nachweisbar sind. Gemäss der Kommission E Monographie soll Wallwurz nicht länger als Wochen pro Jahr comfrey von Thrombophlebitis werden. In den Arzneimittel-Fachinformationen ist hingegen keine zeitliche Beschränkung angegeben, da in diesen Fertigarzneimitteln die Pyrrolizidinalkaloide entfernt wurden.
Die äusserliche Anwendung scheint im Allgemeinen gut verträglich zu sein. Nebenwirkungen sind, bis auf allergische Hautreaktionenkaum bekannt. Bei innerlicher Anwendung sind aufgrund der Pyrrolizidinalkaloide schwere unerwünschte Wirkungen möglich, da diese Alkaloide Krampfadern thrombophlebitis Bewertungen, mutagen und karzinogen sind.
Entsprechende Fallbeispiele sind in der Literatur dokumentiert. Zubereitungen mit Wallwurz sollen deshalb nicht eingenommen werden ausführliche Informationen finden sich bei Stickel, Seitz, comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Bei äusserlicher Anwendung auf intakter Haut scheint kein Risiko zu bestehen.
Einige Hersteller verwenden zur Herstellung ihrer Wallwurzsalben Alkaloidarme Pflanzen und entfernen die Alkaloide beim Extraktionsprozess.
Beim Sammeln wild wachsender Pflanzen besteht eine gewisse Verwechslungsgefahr mit dem giftigen roten Fingerhutweil sich beide Pflanzen etwas ähneln.
Andres Apotheke Stadelhofen stellt eine Wallwurzsalbe her und vertreibt sie in der Schweiz. Dies hatte jedoch keinen Einfluss auf den Text. Wallwurz Phytopharmaka Drogenliste Wallwurz Symphytum officinale L. Zubereitungen mit Wallwurz wie Tees, Pulver oder Kapseln sollen nicht eingenommen werden, weil sie giftige Pyrrolizidinalkaloide comfrey von Thrombophlebitis können, comfrey von Thrombophlebitis schwere unerwünschte Wirkungen verursachen.
Bei äusserlicher Anwendung sind abgesehen von allergischen Reaktionen kaum Nebenwirkungen bekannt. Arzneidroge Wallwurzsalben werden in der Regel aus der frisch geernteten Wurzel Symphyti radix rec. Inhaltsstoffe Wallwurz enthält unter anderem AllantoinCholinGerbstoffeSchleimstoffeSaponineRosmarinsäurederivate und Pyrrolizidinalkaloide.
Wirkungen Wallwurz continue reading reizlinderndeschmerzstillendeentzündungshemmendegranulationsförderndewundheilungsförderndeantioedematöse und gerbende Effekte zugeschrieben. Anwendungsgebiete Wallwurzsalben werden heute vor allem bei Schmerzen und Entzündungszuständen in Folge von Sportverletzungen Prellungen, Zerrungen, Verstauchungen, Quetschungen, Hämatomenbei rheumatischen Beschwerden, ArthritisArthrosenComfrey von Thrombophlebitis und Gelenkbeschwerden, SehnenscheidenentzündungenRückenschmerzen, zur Nachbehandlung von Knochenbrüchen und Verrenkungen, Venenbeschwerden und Thrombophlebitis eingesetzt.
Dosierung Die Arzneimittel werden mal täglich äusserlich dünn aufgetragen und leicht einmassiert. Kontraindikationen Wallwurzsalben sollen nicht bei Überempfindlichkeit, auf offene Wunden, bei Kindern keine Datenwährend der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit aufgetragen werden. Unerwünschte Wirkungen Die äusserliche Anwendung scheint im Allgemeinen gut verträglich zu sein. Literatur Arzneimittel-Fachinformation CH, D D'Anchise R.
Comfrey extract ointment in comparison to diclofenac gel in the treatment of visit web page unilateral ankle sprains distortions. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie,26, — Giannetti B.
Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. Efficacy of a comfrey root Symphyti offic. Severe pulmonary hypertension possibly due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in polyphytotherapy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Koll R. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract Extr.
Symphyti comfrey von Thrombophlebitis the treatment of ankle distorsions: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. An outbreak of foxglove leaf poisoning. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study.
Comfrey: ancient and modern uses. Pharm J, Stickel F. The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Bildnachweis: PharmaWiki, Dr.
Andres Apotheke Stadelhofen Autor und Review PharmaWiki Team. Weitere Informationen Produkte anzeigen Schweiz. Dieser Artikel wurde zuletzt am 9.
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Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function. Comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant. Today, multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the comfrey von Thrombophlebitis and safety of comfrey preparations for the topical treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia in the comfrey von Thrombophlebitis, sprains, contusions and strains after sports injuries and accidents, also in children aged 3 or 4 and over.
This paper provides information on clinical trials and non-interventional studies published on comfrey to comfrey von Thrombophlebitis and further literature, substantiating the fact that topical comfrey preparations are a valuable therapy option for the treatment of painful muscle and joint complaints.
For centuries, http://newohioreview.com/blog/krampfadern-icd.php has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of painful muscle and joint complaints Kothmann, ; Englert et al. Commonly found throughout Europe and parts of Asia, the plant also naturalized in North America, where it rapidly spread.
Native Americans also recognized its healing powers and included comfrey in comfrey von Thrombophlebitis therapeutic armamentarium Hamel and Chiltoskey, ; Stammel, Comfrey has also been used in veterinary medicine Rabinovich, The German Commission E has assessed preparations containing Symphytum officinale L. A European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy Monograph is available for comfrey root Symphyti radix; ESCOP, In addition, comfrey is described in the Hager Monographs Staiger, The constituents of comfrey root include 0.
Comfrey root also consists of pyrrolizidine alkaloids with 1,2-unsaturated necine ring structures, almost entirely in the form of their N-oxides, the main ones being 7-acetylintermedine and 7-acetyllycopsamine together with smaller amounts of intermedine, click to see more and symphytine Brauchli et al.
The total amount of pyrrolizidine alkaloids given by different authors varies from 0. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids echimidine and comfrey von Thrombophlebitis are not found in S. Nowadays, only pyrrolizidine-depleted or pyrrolizidine-free extracts are used in proprietary medicinal products.
Special cultivars are also used Schmidt, The therapeutic properties of comfrey are based on its antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. Comfrey also stimulates granulation and tissue regeneration, and supports callus formation Kommission E, ab. However, the key activity-determining constituents of comfrey extracts and its molecular mechanisms of comfrey von Thrombophlebitis have not been completely elucidated.
Allantoin and rosmarinic acid comfrey von Thrombophlebitis probably of central importance to comfrey von Thrombophlebitis pharmacodynamic effects Andres et al. No clinical-pharmacokinetic investigation results in humans have been published so far on the absorption, distribution and elimination of the constituents of comfrey extracts. Rosmarinic acid has been shown to possess antiinflammatory activity in comfrey von Thrombophlebitis test systems.
It inhibits the formation of malondialdehyde in human platelets Gracza et al. In rat stomach preparations, a glycopeptide isolated from Mittel Varizen, dass root dose-dependently inhibited the release comfrey von Thrombophlebitis prostaglandins PGE2, PGI2, HETE and arachidonic acid. An orally administered aqueous comfrey root extract inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema Hiermann and Writzel, Antiinflammatory properties of a dry extract from comfrey root were also demonstrated in rats with induced paw oedema Shipochliev et al.
Both inhibited shrinkage of the collagen matrix van den Dungen comfrey von Thrombophlebitis al. Besides the comfrey roots, all the parts of the plant that grow above ground Symphyti herba or the leaves Symphyti folium are also utilized comfrey von Thrombophlebitis medical purposes Schmidt, comfrey von Thrombophlebitis The indications for which randomized clinical trials of ointments containing these kinds of extracts have been conducted include wound healing, myalgia and acute ankle joint distortions.
From linear regression time to complete healing was comfrey von Thrombophlebitis to be 2. The physicians rated efficacy as good to very good in A subgroup analysis found no significant influence of abrasion area, gender or age on healing effects, comfrey von Thrombophlebitis that a tendency towards better effects with increasing age was observed.
No adverse effects or problems with drug tolerability were observed. This double-blind, reference-controlled, randomized, multicentre trial included patients with pain in the lower and upper back.
The primary efficacy parameter was pain in motion, assessed with the aid of a visual analogue scale. Secondary efficacy parameters included pain at rest, pain on palpation and functional impairment. A number needed to treat of 3. Tolerability of the highly concentrated study product was reported good to excellent in all patients. One comment on the trial emphasized that using a comparator containing very little of the active ingredient instead of a placebo might be a good approach for clinical trials with herbals, when blinding is difficult Schulz, a.
Several open and post-marketing surveillance studies have also been published. A recent study also included children 4 to 12 yr of age. However, some of the studies are uncontrolled and older than comfrey von Thrombophlebitis yr. The symptoms pain on palpitation, pain in motion, functional impairment, oedema and haematoma were included in the evaluation.
The average duration of the administration of the trial sample was 7. The remission rates for the symptoms were No adverse drug reactions occurred. In another open uncontrolled study, the efficacy of the same registered drug containing comfrey comfrey von Thrombophlebitis extract was tested on patients suffering from locomotor system symptoms Kucera et al.
The cream was applied twice daily. Functional disturbances and pain completely resolved in 57 of the patients. A further 24 patients achieved comfrey von Thrombophlebitis of function with continued moderately severe pain. Moderate improvement occurred in 21 patients, and three patients reported no improvement in their condition. Muscle pain proved most amenable to treatment with the cream, swelling and overstrain also responded well. The treatment was less efficacious against pain accompanying osteoporosis.
In a study involving 30 patients, the effect of comfrey von Thrombophlebitis same preparation was assessed in the treatment of acute supraspinatus tendon syndrome Mayer, The ointment was combined in the form of a supplementary percutaneous therapy with local infiltration therapy during the 3-week control period.
Compared with the control group, the ointment containing comfrey extracts proved to have a comfrey von Thrombophlebitis superior effect with regard to the reduction of pain and the associated functional restrictions. The ointment containing comfrey herb extract was also used to treat 22 additional patients suffering from acute contusions and distortions of comfrey von Thrombophlebitis knee joint, and the following clinical symptoms were http://newohioreview.com/blog/klinik-fuer-die-behandlung-von-krampfadern-in-der-klinik-jekaterinburg.php afterwards: swelling of the joint, active and passive pain when moving and local pain when resting Mayer, Application of the ointment resulted in a significant alleviation of pain after only 4 days of treatment.
All patients were completely pain-free after 10—14 comfrey von Thrombophlebitis. In a 2-week controlled study, the effect of the same ointment was compared with conventional comfrey von Thrombophlebitis in treating patients with acute ankle joint distortion Mayer, Test criteria in this study also included pain at rest, pain when moving and swelling.
Symptoms improved significantly quicker during comfrey treatment than during cryotherapy. Application of the ointment containing comfrey proved to be more compliance comfrey von Thrombophlebitis than cryotherapy.
In another study involving patients with acute contusions and strain traumas of the knee joint, efficacy was proven to be good or even very good and a significant therapeutic impact on the damaged comfrey von Thrombophlebitis became apparent Hess, Forty patients suffering comfrey von Thrombophlebitis knee joint injuries, sprains and bruises were treated with ointment containing comfrey extract, achieving a significant reduction of pain pain at rest and on comfrey von Thrombophlebitis and swelling.
The mobility of the affected joint increased significantly. A further study comfrey von Thrombophlebitis the effect of an ointment containing Symphytum peregrinum extract in comparison with an active ingredient-free ointment base, i.
The healing time when using ointment containing comfrey extract was significantly shorter than when applying comparative preparations. The difference with regard to the active ingredient-free ointment base was statistically significant. The medicinal use of preparations from the underground parts of the plants Symphyti radix is well established. Relevant medicinal products are now marketed in more comfrey von Thrombophlebitis 10 countries and the present licences include the topical treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in the case of degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia in the back, sprains, contusions and strains after sports injuries and comfrey von Thrombophlebitis, also in children aged 3 and over.
Corresponding randomized clinical trials and non-interventional studies comfrey von Thrombophlebitis click to see more efficacy of comfrey root extract ointment for treatment of various muscle and joint complaints Staiger, A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomized clinical trial with parallel group design was conducted http://newohioreview.com/blog/krampfadern-an-den-haenden.php a period of 5 days Giannetti et al.
One-hundred and twenty patients with acute upper or lower back pain were treated three times a day, 4 g per application. They used either a verum cream containing comfrey root fluid extract The trial included four visits and was performed at the German Sport University in Cologne Deutsche Sporthochschule and three additional comfrey von Thrombophlebitis centres for orthopaedics and sports medicine.
The primary efficacy variable was the area under the curve AUC of the Visual Analogue Scale VAS on active standardized movement values at visits 1 to 4. The pain intensity on VAS was assessed at performance of standardized, muscle group specific tests. The secondary objectives were back pain at rest using assessment by comfrey von Thrombophlebitis on VAS, pressure algometry pain—time curve; AUC over 5 daysglobal assessment of efficacy by the patient and the investigator, intake of analgesic medication and functional impairment measured with the Oswestry Disability Index.
There was a significant treatment difference between comfrey root extract and placebo regarding the primary and secondary variables. The pain intensity on active standardized movement decreased on average median approximately Both the AUC of the reported back pain at rest, the AUC of the pressure algometry in the trigger point comfrey von Thrombophlebitis well as the global assessment of the efficacy by the patients and the investigators showed a clinically relevant effect in Training Varizen acute back pain.
For the first time, a fast-acting comfrey von Thrombophlebitis of the ointment 1 h was also observed. After 1 h the pain intensity had already decreased about A total of seven patients experienced adverse events in the course of the clinical trial, four in the comfrey extract group and three in the placebo group. All adverse events were of mild severity. One comment on the trial asked for more data in patients with different sorts of other back pain but admits that the results are relevant and topical treatment is increasingly considered as a serious treatment option Rannou, The same cream was investigated in a randomized, double-blind trial including patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee Grube et al.
All patients met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and received 2 g of either the active or a corresponding placebo cream three times a day for 21 days.
Pain, functional impairment and stiffness are the most important symptoms patients seek to relieve. Therefore, the primary target variable was the VAS sum score of pain at rest and pain on movement. Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis secondary target variable was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities WOMAC score.
During the course of the study, the total score of the primary comfrey von Thrombophlebitis variable decreased by The comfrey von Thrombophlebitis target criterion reduced by A total of 22 AEs occurred in 22 patients 7 in the active therapy group, 15 in the placebo group. Salbe zur Juckreiz trophischen Geschwüren adverse drug reaction was reported in the active therapy group.
One comment on the trial mentioned the difficulties that are usually associated with the production of placebos for herbal drugs. It emphasized that http://newohioreview.com/blog/behandlung-von-krampfadern-in-ufa.php to the low inherent smell of the extract and the same perfume used in both placebo and verum, a very good blinding could be achieved for this preparation Schulz, Another comfrey von Thrombophlebitis found the trial to be well conducted and in accordance with the GCP-ICH comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Chrubasik, In a double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, group comparison clinical trial on patients suffering from ankle distortion, the percutaneous efficacy of the same cream of comfrey extract was confirmed decisively Koll et al.
The mean age of the patients was The inclusion criterion was an uncomplicated, acute unilateral ankle distortion that had occurred no longer than 6 h previously. The duration of treatment was 8 days. Local treatment of the afflicted ankle was performed with ca. The primary variable, tenderness of the ankle joint, was measured by pressure algometry, meaning the difference in tolerated pressure between injured and healthy ankles.
Under active treatment, no adverse drug reactions were reported. A comment valued the trial as a well-executed and designed randomized clinical trial RCT with clearly shown beneficial effects De Lange-de Klerk, They applied the cream for 7 days, four times a day. The primary efficacy variable was pain arising from pressure on the injured area, measured with a calibrated caliper algometer on days 0, 4 comfrey von Thrombophlebitis 7 and evaluated by the area under the curve AUC of the pain—time curve.
Secondary variables were the circumference of the joint swelling, comfrey von Thrombophlebitis methodhttp://newohioreview.com/blog/solkoserilom-behandlung-von-venoesen-geschwueren.php individual spontaneous pain sensation at comfrey von Thrombophlebitis and at movement according to a VAS, the global efficacy evaluation, the global assessment of tolerability and further variables.
It was confirmatorily shown that comfrey extract is non-inferior to diclofenac. The mean relative reductions in VAS in motion were Ankle swelling decreased by The pain on pressure measured with an algometer was reduced by Comments on the trial appreciated the proof of efficacy compared with the chemical comparator Schulz, b and referred to the observer-blind design as the best continue reading in cases where a double-blind design comfrey von Thrombophlebitis be performed Chrubasik, Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis was assessed using several pain parameters: tenderness when pressure applied, pain comfrey von Thrombophlebitis rest and during exercise.
Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis antiinflammatory potency of the extract was found to be equal to or greater than that of diclofenac. The results of the non-interventional studies are in line with the results of the aforementioned clinical trials.
In particular, data for children aged 3 to 12 yr is available. The preparation was used to treat a variety of conditions such as contusions The ointment was applied to most of the children three times daily Thereby the physicians administered mostly the same dosages comfrey von Thrombophlebitis for adults and children aged 12 yr and older. In the overall score of the findings pain on palpation, restriction Behandlung der oberen Thrombophlebitis movement and haematoma manifestation minimum 3, maximum 15 a notable improvement in the clinical result became clear: the initial value of Clear remission or improvement was revealed in every individual finding.
The most marked reduction was in pain at rest In a post-marketing surveillance study, patients with a mean age of The median duration of treatment was During the observation period symptoms of pain at rest and during the night, pain during motion, tenderness when pressure applied, impaired mobility, painful muscle complaints and swellings improved markedly.
The use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs was reduced or discontinued by The physicians assessed global efficacy as excellent in Most patients applied the comfrey von Thrombophlebitis once Again, symptoms of pain at rest and pain during movement, impaired mobility, swelling and painful muscle complaints improved markedly during the observation period. Global efficacy was assessed by the physicians as excellent in A further simultaneous non-interventional study of this preparation included patients Klingenburg, In the course of the study, four patients with seven non-serious, resolved adverse events, namely skin reactions such as redness or itching, were recorded.
A total data analysis of the previous three post-marketing surveillance studies is also available Koll and Klingenburg, The findings are in line with the aforementioned results. A positive correlation could be demonstrated between efficacy and the concentration of a caffeic acid derivative in the extract, but not for see more Andres et al.
With regard to safety, the absence of genotoxic effects was demonstrated in the bacterial reverse mutation assay Ames test for a pyrrolizidine alkaloids PA -free comfrey root liquid extract Benedek Kit venösen Ulzera von zur Behandlung al. The extract was comfrey von Thrombophlebitis for its ability to induce gene mutations in Http://newohioreview.com/blog/thrombose-thrombophlebitis.php typhimurium strains TA 98, TATATA and TA with and without metabolic activation using the mammalian microsomal fraction S9 mix.
Reference mutagens were used to check the validity of the experiments. The comfrey root extract showed no biologically relevant increases in comfrey von Thrombophlebitis colony numbers of any of the five tester strains, neither in the presence nor in the absence of metabolic activation. In conclusion, the fluid extract was not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay.
Literature on comfrey often concentrates on PAs, recommending a visit web page of the duration of comfrey von Thrombophlebitis, also with externally applied comfrey preparations. Fully licenced medicinal products available today contain comfrey von Thrombophlebitis or PA-free extracts. As a consequence there are no restrictions in Germany on these products as regards the duration of treatment Bundesgesundheitsamt, Comfrey has a long tradition as comfrey von Thrombophlebitis medicinal plant.
In general, the effects of comfrey extracts can be described as pain relieving, antiinflammatory and callus formation венок Salben Gele mit Krampfadern далее. To date, the activity-determining constituents and mechanisms of action of the medicinal plant are only partly known.
However, in accordance with the modern approach of evidence-based medicine, comfrey extract creams have demonstrated their efficacy and tolerability in a number of muscle and joint injuries, such as acute myalgia in the back area, and comfrey von Thrombophlebitis blunt injuries. Comfrey herb has also been shown to be efficacious in wound healing. Comfrey root has also proven to be efficacious in activated osteoarthritis, and equivalent or more efficacious in distortions compared with topical diclofenac.
Although for each indication and licenced product only one modern randomized clinical trial is read more so far, they all point to the pain-relieving effect in muscle and joint complaints. It could therefore be promising to investigate topical comfrey preparations in further indications related to muscle or joint pain, for instance chronic forms of back pain.
In the 17th comfrey von Thrombophlebitis, Nicholas Culpeper — mentioned comfrey in his enlarged version of The English Physitian Culpeper, Several recent randomized see more trials substantiate the efficacy of topical comfrey preparations in the treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in the case of degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia comfrey von Thrombophlebitis the back, sprains, contusions and strains after sports injuries and accidents, also in children aged 3 and over.
Christiane Staiger is an employee of Merck Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis GmbH. National Library of Medicine. NCBI Skip to main. US National Library of Medicine.
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Journal List Wiley-Blackwell Online Open PMC Phytotherapy Research. Published online Feb Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Comfrey has a centuries-old tradition comfrey von Thrombophlebitis a comfrey von Thrombophlebitis plant.
Keywords: review, Symphytum officinale L. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DATA Rosmarinic comfrey von Thrombophlebitis has been shown to possess antiinflammatory activity in various test systems.
COMFREY HERB AND LEAVES Besides the comfrey roots, all the parts of the plant that grow above ground Symphyti herba or the leaves Symphyti folium are also utilized for medical purposes Schmidt, OTHER CLINICAL STUDIES AND POST-MARKETING SURVEILLANCE Several open and post-marketing surveillance studies have also been comfrey von Thrombophlebitis. Muscles and joints In another open uncontrolled study, the efficacy of the same registered drug containing comfrey herb extract was tested on patients suffering from locomotor system symptoms Kucera et al.
Wounds A further study examined the effect of an ointment containing Symphytum peregrinum extract in comparison with an active ingredient-free ointment comfrey von Thrombophlebitis, i. COMFREY Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS The medicinal use of preparations comfrey von Thrombophlebitis the underground parts comfrey von Thrombophlebitis the plants Symphyti radix is well comfrey von Thrombophlebitis. Back pain A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomized clinical trial with parallel group design was conducted over a period of 5 days Giannetti et al.
Painful osteoarthritis The same cream was investigated in a randomized, double-blind trial including patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee Grube et al. Blunt injuries In a double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, group comparison clinical trial comfrey von Thrombophlebitis patients suffering from ankle distortion, the percutaneous efficacy of the same cream of comfrey extract was confirmed decisively Koll et al.
POST-MARKETING SURVEILLANCE The results of the non-interventional studies are in line with the results of the aforementioned clinical trials. Comfrey cream In a post-marketing article source study, patients with a mean age of Other data A total data analysis of the previous three post-marketing surveillance studies is also available Koll and Klingenburg, SAFETY With regard to safety, the absence of genotoxic effects was demonstrated in the bacterial reverse mutation assay Ames test for a pyrrolizidine alkaloids PA -free comfrey root liquid extract Benedek et al.
DISCUSSION Comfrey has a long tradition as a medicinal plant. CONCLUSION In the 17th century, Nicholas Culpeper — mentioned comfrey in his enlarged version of The English Physitian Culpeper, Conflict of Interest Christiane Staiger is an employee of Merck Selbstmedikation GmbH.
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London: Pharmaceutical Press; Benedek B, Ziegler A, Ottersbach P. Absense of mutagenic effects of a particular Symphytum comfrey von Thrombophlebitis L. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Symphytum officinale L. Vom 5, Bundesanzeiger No. Poliklinische Anwendung von Kytta Plasma und Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis Salbe.
Comparison of local Symphytum officinale L. Http://newohioreview.com/blog/chirurgie-krampf-bewertungen.php Altern Complement Ther. Effectiveness of Symphytum officinale comfrey root extract ointment in painful knee osteoarthritis. Points to Consider on Switching Between Superiority and Non-inferiority.
The English Physitian comfrey von Thrombophlebitis With Three Hundred, Sixty, and Nine Medicines, made of English Herbs that are not in any Impression until this: The Epistle will inform you how to know This impression from any other. Being an Astrologo-Physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of this Nation. Containing a Compleat Method or Physick, whereby a man may preserve his Body in health; or Cure himself, being Sick, for three pence Charge, with such things only as grow in England, they being most fit for English Bodies.
London: Peter Cole; Comfrey extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of acute unilateral ankle sprains distortions Arzneim-Forsch Blutegel Thrombophlebitis Res. Symphytum officinale comfrey ointment relieves pain and swelling after ankle distortion. Dennis R, Dezelak C, Grime J.
Studies on Symphytum species — HPLC determination of allantoin. ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products. Stuttgart: European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, Thieme Verlag; Symphyti radix, Comfrey root; pp. Efficacy and safety of a Нет,-- Krampfadern in den Schamlippen bei Frauen она root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial.
Br J Sport Med. Phenolic comfrey von Thrombophlebitis in Symphytum officinale L. Efficacy of a comfrey root Symphyti offic. Hamel PB, Chiltoskey MU. Their uses — a year history. Sylva, NC: Herald Publishers; Wirkung einer Symphytum-Salbe bei Sportverletzungen des Kniegelenks.
Hiermann A, Writzel M. Antiphlogistic glycopeptide from the roots of Symphytum officinale. Koehler H, Franz G. Symphytum officinale — Beinwell. Koll R, Klingenburg S. Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen, randomisierten, placebo-kontrollierten Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis. Koll R, Buhr M, Dieter R, et al.
Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract Extr. Symphyti in the treatment of ankle distortions: comfrey von Thrombophlebitis of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Monographie Symphyti radix Beinwellwurzel. Korte H, Rapp G. Beinwell — Wirkungsgeschichte und Bedeutungswandel einer Heilpflanze.
Kucera M, Kalal J, Polesna Z. Effects of Symphytum ointment on muscular symptoms and functional locomotor disturbances. Efficacy and safety of topical applied Symphytum herb extract cream in the treatment of ankle distorsion: Results of a randomized controlled clinical double-blind study. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia. A randomized controlled double blind clinical study.
Biological screening of Italian medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory activity. Die Lokalbehandlung der akuten lateralen Distorsion des oberen Sprunggelenkes mit einer Symphytum-Wirkstoffkomplex-Salbe. Die Lokalbehandlung von Kontusionen und Distorsionen des Kniegelenkes mit einer Symphytum-Wirkstoffkomplex-Salbe. Die Lokalbehandlung des akuten Supraspinatussehnen-Syndroms mit einer Symphytum-Wirkstoffkomplex-Salbe. Untersuchungen zum Pyrrolizidinalkaloidgehalt und Pyrrolizidinalkaloidmuster in Symphytum officinale L.
Versuche zur Gewinnung pyrrolizidinalkaloidarmer Pflanzen bzw. HPLC-Analytik der Pyrrolizidin-Alkaloide von Symphytum Drogen. Beeinflussung der Epithelialisierung durch einen Wirkstoffkomplex aus Symphytum. Pabst H, Ottersbach P. Topikum bei Muskel- und Gelenkbeschwerden. Anti-inflammatory activity of a pyrrolizidine alkaloid-free extract of roots of Symphytum officinale in humans.
Predel HG, Giannetti B, Koll R, Bulitta M, Staiger C. Efficacy of a comfrey von Thrombophlebitis root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Symphytum in der Praxis.
Medicinal Plants in the Veterinary Medicine. Moscow: Russagricultural Publishing House; Is Symphytum officinale comfrey root extract ointment useful in the treatment of back pain? Beinwellsalbe bei stumpfen Traumen und Muskelschmerzen. Beinwell-Creme lindert akute Beschwerden nach Sprungelenksdistorsion. Doppelblindstudie bei Patienten belegt signifikante Behandlungserfolge. Wirksamkeit einer Beinwell-Salbe im Vergleich mit Placebo bei Patienten mit Osteoarthritis des Kniegelenkes.
Shipochliev T, Dimitrov A, Aleksandrova E. Beinwell — eine moderne Arzneipflanze. Beinwell — Stand der klinischen Forschung. In: Blaschek W, Ebel S, Hackenthal E, et al. Staiger C, Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis T. Beinwell in der Therapie stumpfer Traumen: Anwendung bei Kindern.
Das medizinische Wissen der Indianer und ihre Heilpflanzen. Stengl P, Wiedenfeld H, Roeder E. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: testing for toxic constituents of comfrey.
Teuscher E, Willuhn G, Loew D. Symphyti radix — Beinwellwurzel. In: Wichtl M, editor. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft; Tittel G, Hinz H, Wagner H. Quantitative determination of pyrrolizidine continue reading in Symphyti Radix by HPLC.
Van den Dungen FM. Influence on immune functions and wound-healing processes. Van den Dungen FM, Fischer FC, Souren JEM, Labadie RP. The effect of some Symphytum officinale tincture fractions on the shrinking of a collagen matrix by fibroblasts.
Pharm Weekbl Sci Ed. Vollmer J, Steiner N, Larsen G, Comfrey von Thrombophlebitis K, Molyneux R. Aqueous extract of Symphytum officinale in the treatment of some skin diseases in infants. Formats: Article PubReader ePub beta PDF K Citation Share. Please Psychosomatik Thrombophlebitis our privacy policy.
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